Improvement in brick-kilns



HAUEISEN, WAGNER NULSEN.

Brick Klln. No. 58,941. Patented Oct. 16. 1866.

m'fnes'ses ifa? UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIGE.

E. IIANEISEN, A. \VAGNER, AND A. NULSIIN, OF CINCINNATI, OIIIO,ASSIGHORS TO NULSEN & OO., OF SAM l PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BRICK-KILNS.

Specillcation t'olning part of Letters Patent No. 58,91I, dated October1G, 156i.

To all uhont it may concern:

Be it known that we, 'EUGEN IlitNErsnN, ALBERT WAGNER, and ANTHONYNULsEN, all of Cincinnati, Hamilton county, Ohio, have invented a newand useful .Improvement in Brick-Kilns; and we do hereby declare thefollowing to be a t'ull, clear, and exact description thereof, referencebeing` had to the accompanying drawings, making` part of thisspecilication.

Our invention relates to a peculiarly-formed kiln or furnace adapted toproduce a superior and uniiorm quality ot' brick or pottery with a veryslight expenditure ot' time, labor, and material.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a kiln or furnace embodying ourinvention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section at the line o .'r. Fig. 3 is alongitudinal section. at the line y y. Fig. 4 is a transverse section atthe line ,z s.

The furnace comprises, principally, two `similar and parallel archedchambers, A A', of considerable length, and which communicate at theiradjacent ends by means of passages B B', so as to form collectively acontinuous vault or gallery, A Il A' I. This gallery is marked ott intoa series ot equal compartments or subdivisions, 1 2 3 4 5 ti 7, I II III1V V VI VII, by twelve transverse grooves, O, which receive insuccession a shittable partition, D. O are similar grooves to receive apartition, 1)', which, at the proper juncture, is used to separate theadjacent ends ot' the two chamA bers A and A.

Each compartment has an entrance or door-` way, E, in its outer wall,through which the molded brick (previously dried by stacking around thefurnace) are inserted and stacked for burning and withdrawn afterburning.

The inner walls ot' the gallery have a series of recesses, F,corresponding in number tothe entrances-that is, one foreachcompartment.

Each ot' the recesses F is in turn, by the lifting of a damper, (l1 G2,the., permitted to communicate with a long exit-tine, Il, which occupiesthe entire upper interval between the inner walls of the gallery. Withthis exitflue H all ot' the compartments, through their respectiverecesses and dampers, in turn communicate.

The flue H discharges into a chimney, I,

having` a forced drat't by means of a blower, J, or other customary orsuitable means.

The root' or arch of cach conipartment is traversed by a series ofapertures, K, for the introduction, at the discretion of the operator,of tine coatdust or other fuel in a com minuted form. These aperturesare all closed by a suitable plug or cover, except those ot' theparticular compartment in which the combustion is for the time beingtaking place.

The entrances E are kept constantly closed, except the two adjacent onespertaining to the compartments which are for the time being receivingand delivering bricks. The closure of the entrances E may be ettectedeither by doors or by the customary lutingl with bats and incitar.

W'hile preferring the elongated rectangular form For the gallery adoptedin the present illustration, it is evident that the principle may bcembodied in elliptical, circular, or other forms, and we thereforedisclaim any restriction ot' our invention to the speciiic arrangementhere represented.

t Operation The partition I) being inserted in one ot' its grooves-say,'or example, in that one between compartments 1 and Vl I-all of thecomlzartments are charged with alternate layers of iuel and bricks inthe customary manner. The damper (l VII is now opened and the entrancesare all closed, except ot com partment l, in which a lire is kindled,and a draft is at the same time created in the chimney. The lire willgradually creep from compartment l to compartment 2, and so on until,having made halt' the circuit of the gallery, it will have becomeextinct in compartment 1, whose contents, in consequence of the continned entrance of fresh air, will have suticiently cooled down to permitthe removal of its bricks, which having been effected, the compartmentis replenished with fresh bricks from the stack which surrounds thekiln, and at the same time the contents ot' compartment Il are takenout, which having been ett'ected, partition I) is shifted one station tothe left. The damper (l VII is at the same time closed and the damper Gl opened, so as to compel the escaping smoke and ame to traversecompartment l on their way to the outlet, and thus give thenewly-inserted bricks the benclit of the residue of heat not alreadyexpended on the preceding batches of brick.

The furnace having been, by the justldescribed preparatory operations,fully heated up and prepared for its normal and permanent action, thebricks are now and at all times hereafter inserted without fuel, butwith such horizontal and vertical interstices as to afford free passageto the draft and to the coal-dust or other comminuted fuel, whoseapplication we will now proceed to describe.

The above operation having proceeded in rotation half-way around thegallery, the compartments-say I and II-being open, and the compartmentl. although without fuel of its own, being by this time in a glowingheat from the emanations ot' the preceding batches, we begin to apply insaid compartment l our peculiar mode of burning by the precipitation ofcomminuted fuel, such as iine`coal-dust or charcoal, through theapertures K.

The glowing heat acquired by the feed-air in traversing.;` the series ofcompartn'ients of already burned bricks, being now amply suflicient toignite and completely consume thc coal-dust, dispenses from this timeforward with the insertion of any fuel along with the bricks, as iscommonly done, and the amount of fuel actually required will be but asmall fraction of that consumed under the old way.

In the just-described normal operation of the furnace the entering draftperforms the twofold service of healing the air up to thc point ofignition, and ofgradually cooling the already burned bricks, while theoutgoing air serves to preheat nml to complete the drying ofthe unburnedbricks by a gradual operation that involves no tendency to crack thebricks or to impair the homogeneity of their substance.

After once starting, the furnace must be kept filled to its utmostcapacity, every compartment, except the two adjacent ones wbicli are forthe time being emptied and replenished, being fully charged with brickeither preheating, .bui-ning, or cooling. 'lhus the operation becomeshenceforth continuous, unceasing, and to a great extent automatic.

rlhe entering air at first pervades those bricks which have been in theoven the longest and are burned and cooled. It next reaches those thatare hotter, and, receivingitselt their heat, it advances through thestill hotter bricks, aml, reaching the opposite side of the gallery in acondition of glowing heat, it serves to ignite and consume the particlesof coal-dust descending at this part through the apertures K. Advancingthence, it strikes the already highlyheated brick in the immediate rearof the combustioircompartaient, and so on in succession through the morenewly-inserted batches of unburned bricks, to which it gradually givesup its entire heat, so as to leave the kiln as cool as it entered thesaine.

Thus the principal portion of the heat re quired for the burning` of thebricks is continually conducted from the burned bricks into those notyet burned, and to elfcct the lburning ofthe latter a very smallquantity of fuel suffices.

One of the advantages of this system of gradual heating to a glowingcondition, followed by a brief but active and complete combustion and asgradual a cooling, is seen in the uniformity of appearance of the bricksand their freedom from flaws, seams, and inci pient fractures.

The intensity aml duration of the actual burning' and the prolongationof the gradual heating and cooling are all under perfect control, beingregulated by the number and size of the compartments, the amount offuel, and the force of the draft.

The operation of putting the bricks in and out is a very simple one, thebricks being all easily accessible to a person on the groundlevel, andthe uniform and uninterrupted operation in itself simplifies the work.

The gradual heating and cooling' of the work are believed to render thissystem peculiarly applicable to the manufacture of porcelaiu andearthenwarc and to articles of enameled metal.

To recapitulate, a kiln thus constructed possesses the followingadvantages: Constant use of the entire oven, constant, uniform, anduninterrupted employment of the men, and economy of labor; completeutilization of all the heat; uniformity, handsome appearance, andsoundness of the bricks, and vfreedom from damage and loss.

le claim herein as new and of our invention- 1. The method,substantially as described, of burning bricks, etc., by the contact offalling coal-dust or other comminuted :fuel with a draft of air whichhas become heated by traversin g the already burned brick.

2. The arrangement of the continuous gallery A B A B', shiftingpartitions or partitions I) D', and dampers Grl G2, &c., or devicessubstantially cquivalent, whereby the operations of preheating, burning,and cooling are simultaneously and continuously performed, in thelnanner substantially as explained.

In testimony of which invention we hereunto set our hands.

EUGEN IIANEISEN. ALBERT IA GN If) R. A. NULSEJ. litnesses Guo. H.KNIGHT, Janus H. LAYMAN.

